nce might be dangerous or not。
The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable（易受损的）to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment。 As worrying； though； is the passenger who can’t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too loud。
Q： It can be inferred from the passage that the author 。
A） is in favor of prohibiting passengers’ use of electronic devices completely
B） has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference
C） hasn’t formed his own opinion on this problem
D） regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight
【题目译文】从本文推断出作者 。
【答案解析】A。纵观全文我们知道，作者对电磁干扰影响飞行安全感到担忧，所以应该是倾向于完全禁止乘客使用电子设备的。
Exercise 2 （1999。6）
The rise of multinational corporations（跨国公司）； global marketing； new communications technologies； and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR。
Surprisingly； since modern PR was largely an American invention； the U。S。 leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries。 Ten years ago； for example； the world’s top five public relations agencies were American…owned。 In 1991； only one was。 The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative。 A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate（公司的）planning activities； compared to about one…third of U。S。 companies。 It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR。
Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race？ First； Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs。 Knowledge of world geography； for example； has never been strong in this country。 Secondly； Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts（相对应的人）in knowing a second language。 Less than 5 percent of Burson…Marshall’s U。S。 employees know two languages。 Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage。 Conversely； some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language。 Finally； people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs。 In the financial PR area； for instance； most Americans read the Wall Street Journal。 Overseas； their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist； publications not often read in this country。
Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN （Cable News Network）。 Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts。 Acomording to Turner； global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign。
Q： We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry _______。
A） speak at least one foreign language fluently
B） are ignorant about world geography
C） are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts
D） enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications
【题目译文】从第三段我们可以得出在美国公共关系业中雇员是 。
【答案解析】C。在第二段作者讲到，英国人尤其变得更加老练和富有创造力，所以相对来说，美国人和欧洲同行比不那么老练。
Exercise 3
There seems never to have been a civilization without toys； but when and how they developed is unknown。 They probably came about just to give children something to do。
In the ancient world； as is today； most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another。 In societies where social roles are rigidly determined； boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers。 This is true because boys and girls are being prepared； even in play； to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world。
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same。 The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship； mechanics； and technology。 It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing。 In Egypt； the Americas； China； Japan and among the Arctic（北极的）peoples； generally the same kinds of toys appeared。 Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings。 Nearly every civilization had dolls； little weapons； toy soldiers； tiny animals and vehicles。
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form； they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use。 The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent（进步）。 The progress from a rattle（拨浪鼓）used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today； however； is not characterized by inventiveness。 Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials。
Q： Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys？
A） The craftsmanship in toy…making has remained essentially unchanged。
B） Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries。
C） The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years。
D） Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character。
【题目译文】关于玩具的历史发展，作者的观点是什么？
【答案解析】B。从第三段第一句话，“关于玩具的历史，令人吃惊的并不是它们改变了多少，而是它们一直没有改变”，可以推断出“玩具在历史上基本上保持不变”。
Exercise 4
Amtrak（美国铁路客运公司）was experiencing a down…slowing in ridership（客运量）along the lines comprising its rail system。 Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham； were the long…distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly。
At one time； trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west。 Trains were fast； very luxurious； and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time。 However； times change and the automobile became America’s standard of convenience。 Also； air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of travelling great distances。 Therefore； the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west。
Two portions of the total market were targeted： 1） anxious fliers—those concerned with safety； relaxation； and cleanliness and 2） travel…lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed； casual； and interested in the tra