端恰�
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述了17世纪英国妇女的地位，采用对比写作手法。一方面（第一段）英皇詹姆士重新以法律形式确定：家长制的思想体系，政治上集权主义，性别等级制。而思想意识是上帝的绝对权威；最高等级制体现在绝对君主政权上，体现在家庭的父亲和丈夫身上。所以妇女先对父亲，后对丈夫的服从体现了英国臣民对君权，全体基督徒对上帝的服从。那时代造就的妇女都是贞洁，沉默，服从，低下。
另方面，某些社会和文化因素赋予妇女以力量，首先是女皇伊丽莎白统治的时期，她本身就是一个强有力的榜样。其次一些妇女亲情关系，以及安娜女皇的分庭抗礼统治活动和舞会。再则是大多数活动妇女都受过良好教育。最重要的是有些圣经文本鼓吹妇女精神平等。
最后一段论述了英国妇女实际上有的已经掌握实权，如丈夫公务，他们管理庄园田产。
答案祥解
1。 A。 17世纪英国妇女地位。见上面文章大意。
B。 妇女服从于家族制。 D。 17世纪妇女的反抗，都是A。内容中的一部分，不能作为最佳标题。 C。 17世纪英国社会形式，只能作为背景出现。
2。 C。 她没有做什么。英女皇伊丽莎白在位时期间在文化上并没有妇女做过什么。这在第二段讲得很清楚。“伊丽莎白统治时期（1558——1603），文化领域为强有里女皇所控制，她本人确实树立了令人难忘的妇女形象，可是她并没有为其它妇女能够创作一些东西。”见前面列出之原因和下一道题的A。 B。 C。
3。 D。 伊丽莎白女皇的政治活动。这文内没有提及。
A。 妇女亲情网对家长制进行抗衡。 B。 安娜女皇的政治活动。 C。 大多数妇女都受过良好教育。这三项在第二段中都提到。“首先，妇女亲情关系，如母亲，女儿，他们的亲戚网，好友；安娜女皇单独的宫殿，她那对立的化装舞会和政治活动都和族长制予以抗衡。”
4。 B。 除了某些文本外，它也要求妇女服从。第一段，见上述内容。第三段集中论述这一点。“也许，最重要的是基督教固有潜在激进性。它坚持主张每个基督徒和上帝的直接关系，坚持人首先责任是服从她或他的良知。在圣？保罗使徒书以及在别的圣经中有许多对家长制，妻子对丈夫的服从支持。可是有些文本镌刻着一种完全不同的政治观点，鼓吹妇女精神平等：”人没有犹太和希腊之分，没有束缚或自由之分，没有男女之分，因为在耶酥基督面前，你们都是一样。“
A。 它什么也没有做。不对。 C。 它支持妇女。也不对，只有某些版本支持。 D。 它求助于上帝。它借上帝之名压制妇女。第一段：“因此，妇女首先服从父亲，然后服从丈夫，体现了（象征）英国人民服从他们的君主，所有基督徒服从上帝。”
Passage Six （The Present Is the Most Important）
Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths； while reality is fabulous。 If men would steadily observe realities only； and not allow themselves to be deluded； life； to compare it with such things as we know； would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments。 If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be ； music and poetry would resound along the streets。 When we are unhurried and wise； we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence； ……that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality。 This is always exhilarating and sublime。 By closing the eyes and slumbering； by consenting to be deceived by shows； men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere； which still is built on purely illusory foundation。 Children； who play life； discern its true law and relations more clearly than men； who fail to live worthily； but who think that they are wiser by experience； that is； by failure。 I have read in a Hindoo book； that “there was a king’s son； who； being expelled in infancy from his native city； was brought up by a forester； and； growing up to maturity in that state； imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which be lived。 One of his father’s ministers having discovered him； revealed to him what he was； and the misconception of his character was removed； and he knew himself to be a prince。 So soul； from the circumstances in which it is placed； mistakes its own character； until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher； and then it knows itself to be Brahme。” We think that that is which appears to be。 If a man should give us an acomount of the realities he beheld； we should not recognize the place in his description。 Look at a meeting…house； or a court…house； or a jail； or a shop。 Or a dwelling…house； and say what that thing really is before a true gaze； and they would all go to pieces in your acomount of them。 Men esteem truth remote； in the outskirts of the system； behind the farthest star； before Adam and after the last man。 In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime。 But all these times and places and ocomasions are now and here。 God himself culminates in the present moment； and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages。 And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us。 The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions； whether we travel fast or slow； the track is laid for us。 Let us spend our lives in conceiving then。 The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of his posterity at least could acomomplish it。
1。 The writer’s attitude toward the arts is one of
＇A＇。 admiration。 ＇B＇。 indifference。 ＇C＇。 suspicion。 ＇D＇。 repulsion
2。 The author believes that a child。
＇A＇。 should practice what the Hindoos preach。
＇B＇。 frequently faces vital problems better than grownups do。
＇C＇。 hardly ever knows his true origin。
＇D＇。 is incapable of appreciating the arts。
3。 The author is primarily concerned with urging the reader to
＇A＇。 look to the future for enlightenment。 ＇B＇。 appraise the present for its true value。
＇C＇。 honor the wisdom of the past ages。 ＇D＇。 spend more time in leisure activities。
4。 The passage is primarily concerned with problem of
＇A＇。 history and economics。 ＇B＇。 society and population。
＇C＇。 biology and physics。 ＇D＇。 theology and philosophy。
Vocabulary
1。 sham 虚伪
2。 delusion 欺骗
3。 fabulous 荒诞无稽的，不存在的
4。 exhilarating 令人高兴的
5。 sublime 崇高的
6。 slumber 睡眠
7。 Hindoo 印度
8。 Brahma 婆罗门（贵族）
9。 come； fall； go to pieces 崩溃，垮台
10。 culminate 达到顶点
11。 lapse 时间的推移/消逝
12。 apprehend 领悟，理解
13。 instill （慢慢地）滴注，灌输
14。 drench 浸泡，使湿透
15。 posterity 子孙后代
16。 look to 指望，注意
难句译注
1。 If men would steadily observe realities only； and not allow themselves to be deluded； life； to compare it with such things as we know； would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments。
＇结构简析＇ 虚拟条件句，主句中to compare it with… know是插入语，也有假设之意。
＇参考译文＇ 如果人们坚持只观察现实，不让自己被蒙蔽，那么生活，把它和我们知道的事情相比较，就象神话，象一千零一夜中描述的一切。
2。 When we are unhurried and wise； we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence； ……that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality。
＇结构简析＇ 主句中两个that。 第一个是perceive 的宾语从句。破折号的第二个 that从句是说明，对比前一个that 句。
＇参考译文＇ 在我们冷静和明智时，我们会感到只有伟大的和有价值的东西才能永恒绝对地存在，而那些微不足道的恐惧和欢乐仅仅是现实的阴影而已。
3。 By closing the eyes and slumbering； by consenting to be deceived by shows； men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere； which still is built on purely illusory foundation。
＇参考译文＇ 闭上眼睛，昏昏欲睡，允许自己被表面现象所蒙蔽，人们通过这些手段来建立和确定他们的生活日�